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YOUR PODIATRIC PHYSICIAN TALKS
ABOUT FOOT AND ANKLE INJURIES |
Immediate Treatment
Foot and ankle emergencies happen every day.
Broken bones, dislocations, sprains, contusions, infections,
and other serious injuries can occur at any time. Early attention
is vitally important. Whenever you sustain a foot or ankle injury,
you should seek immediate treatment from a podiatric physician.
That advice is universal, even though there
are lots of myths about foot and ankle injuries. Some of them
follow.
Myths
- "It
can't be broken, because I can move it."
False; this widespread idea has kept many fractures from receiving
proper treatment. The truth is that often you can walk with certain
kinds of fractures. Some common examples: breaks of the thinner
of the two leg bones; small "chip" fractures of either
foot or ankle bones; and the frequently neglected fracture of
a toe.
- "If
you break a toe, immediate care isn't necessary."
False; a toe fracture needs prompt attention. If X-rays reveal
it to be a simple, displaced fracture, care by your podiatrist
usually can produce rapid relief. However, X-rays might identify
a displaced or angulated break. In such cases, prompt realignment
of the fracture by your podiatric physician will help prevent
improper or incomplete healing. Many patients develop post-fracture
deformity of a toe, which in turn results in formation of a painfully
deformed toe with a most painful corn. A good general rule is:
Seek prompt treatment for injury to foot bones.
- "If
you have a foot or ankle injury, soak it in hot water immediately."
False; don't use heat or hot water if you suspect a fracture,
sprain, or dislocation. Heat promotes blood flow, causing greater
swelling. More swelling means greater pressure on the nerves,
which causes more pain. An ice bag wrapped in a towel has a contracting
effect on blood vessels, produces a numbing effect, and prevents
swelling and pain. After seeing a podiatric physician, warm compresses
and soaks may be used.
- "Applying
an elastic bandage to a severely sprained ankle is adequate treatment."
False; ankle sprains often mean torn
or severely overstretched ligaments, and they should receive immediate
care. X-ray examination, immobilization by casting or splinting,
and physiotherapy to insure a normal recovery all may be indicated.
Surgery may even be necessary.
- "The
terms 'fracture,' 'break,' and 'crack'
are all different." False; all
of those words are proper in describing a broken bone.
Before Seeing the Podiatrist
If an injury or accident does occur, the steps
you can take to help yourself until you can reach your podiatric
physician are easy to remember if you can recall the word "rice."
- Rest.
Cut back on your activity, and get off your feet if you can.
- Ice.
Gently place a plastic bag of ice, or ice wrapped in a towel,
on the injured area in a 20-minute-on, 40-minute-off cycle.
- Compression.
Lightly wrap an Ace bandage around the area, taking care not
to pull it too tight.
- Elevation.
Sit in a position that you can elevate the foot higher than the
waist, to reduce swelling and pain.
- Switch to a soft shoe or slipper, preferably
one that your podiatrist can cut up in the office if it needs
to be altered to accommodate a bulky dressing.
- For bleeding cuts, cleanse well, apply
pressure with gauze or a towel, and cover with a clean dressing.
It's best not to use any medication on the cut before
you see the doctor.
- Leave blisters unopened if they are not
painful or swollen.
- Foreign materials in the skin, such as
slivers, splinters, and sand, can be removed carefully with a
sterile instrument. A deep foreign object, such as broken glass
or a needle, must be removed professionally.
- Treatment for an abrasion is similar to
that of a burn, since raw skin is exposed to the air and can easily
become infected. Cleansing is important to remove all foreign
particles. Sterile bandages should be applied, along with an
antibiotic cream or ointment.
Prevention
- Wear the correct shoes for any event.
Good walking shoes provide more comfort and better balance.
- Wear hiking shoes or boots in rough terrain.
- Different sports activities call for specific
footwear to protect feet and ankles. Use the correct shoes for
each sport. Don't wear any sports shoe beyond its useful
life.
- Wear safety shoes if you're in an
occupation which threatens foot safety. There are specific safety
shoes for a variety of on-the-job conditions. Be certain they
are fitted properly.
- Always wear hard-top shoes when operating
a lawn mower or other grass-cutting equipment.
- Don't walk barefoot on paved streets
or sidewalks.
- Watch out for slippery floors at home and
at work. Clean up obviously dangerous spills immediately.
- If you get up during the night, turn on
a light. Many fractured toes and other foot injuries occur while
attempting to find your way in the dark.
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This pamphlet is one of a series produced by
APMA that discusses several foot health conditions and concerns,
including diabetes, arthritis, high blood pressure, athlete's
foot, occupational foot health, warts, foot orthoses, aging, children's
feet, surgery, Medicare coverage, heel pain, nail problems, walking,
women's feet, footwear, and others. The pamphlets are
available from many podiatrist members of APMA. Or call:
1-800-FOOTCARE
Contact APMA